EFFECT OF NUTRITION OPTIMIZATION ON YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY OF SPRING BARLEY VARIETIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Abstract
Objective. To determine the effect of pre-sowing seed inoculation and foliar fertilization during the growing season on grain yield and quality indicators of spring barley varieties under the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field experiments were conducted during 2023–2025 at the Educational, Scientific and Practical Center of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University. Results. Grain yield was determined by the weather conditions of the growing season, varietal characteristics, and the studied technological practices. The highest grain yield was obtained in 2023 with the combined application of pre-sowing seed inoculation using MikoFriend and foliar fertilization with HELPROST® Universal, reaching 3.79 t/ha–¹ for the Nadiinyi variety and 4.14 t/ha–¹ for the Tamango variety. On average, over 2023–2025, grain yield ranged from 2.86 to 3.38 t/ha–¹ for the Nadiinyi variety and from 3.15 to 3.65 t/ha–¹ for the Tamango variety. Presowing treatment with MikoFriend provided the greatest increase in grain yield, up to 0.28 t/ha–¹, while foliar application of HELPROST® Universal additionally increased yield by 0.27 t/ha–¹ compared with the control. The application of biological products also had a positive effect on grain quality. The highest protein content (12.7%) was recorded in the Nadiinyi variety under the combined use of MikoFriend and HELPROST® Universal. The Tamango variety produced the highest test weight, reaching 685 g/L⁻¹, which exceeded the control by 20–23 g/L⁻¹. Starch content ranged from 58.5 to 59.6% in the Nadiinyi variety and from 59.0 to 60.1% in the Tamango variety. The combined application of biological products resulted in a slight decrease in starch content, which was associated with more intensive protein accumulation. Conclusions. The most effective technological practice for spring barley cultivation under the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine was the combined application of MikoFriend for pre-sowing seed inoculation and HELPROST® Universal for foliar fertilization during the growing season. This agronomic practice ensured the maximum realization of the productive potential of the studied varieties, increased grain protein content and test weight, and promoted the production of high-quality grain.
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