GRAIN MARKET INFRASTRUCTURE OF UKRAINE: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Abstract
The purpose of the research is to theoretically substantiate the components of the grain market infrastructure and comprehensively analyze the practical state of its functioning in modern conditions of Ukraine, as well as to determine priority areas for the modernization of logistics and elevator capacities to ensure the sustainability of the state's export potential.
Results. The study clarified the essence of the grain market infrastructure, which was proposed to be considered as a multi-level system combining production and technological, transport and logistics, financial and credit, and information and digital subsystems. The dynamics of changes in the warehouse economy were analyzed: it was found that despite the loss of about 15–18% of elevator capacities as a result of military operations, the market demonstrated high adaptability through the implementation of mobile solutions (the use of grain sleeves with a volume of over 15 million tons) and the construction of multimodal "dry ports" on the western borders. The effectiveness of the transformation of logistics chains was assessed, where the key stabilization factor was the restoration of the Ukrainian Sea Corridor and the development of the Danube Port Cluster as a strategic reserve. It was proven that railway logistics through EU countries, despite its high specific cost, performs a critical function of risk diversification. Particular attention was paid to technological drivers of competitiveness: digitalization (implementation of e-TTN, e-Queue systems and intelligent freight platforms) and energy efficiency. It was substantiated that the integration of autonomous energy sources (solar power plants, generation) allows reducing the cost of grain processing, ensuring stable product quality in conditions of energy instability.
Conclusions. It is proven that the theoretical model of grain infrastructure has been transformed from a linear to a network adaptive model, where the stability of the system depends on the speed of reorientation of flows between different sales channels. The practical significance of the study lies in determining the priorities of modernization: the transition from raw material exports to the development of deep processing capacities within the country and further digital integration with the EU transport system. The proposed approaches allow minimizing the impact of exogenous shocks on the agricultural market and laying the foundation for climate-oriented infrastructure development in the post-war period.
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