ASSESSMENT OF PHENOTYPIC AND ECOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF VEGETABLE SOYBEAN SAMPLES BY THE DURATION OF THE VEGETATION PERIOD AND PRODUCTIVITY
Abstract
The purpose of the research is to highlight the issue ofphenotypic and ecological variability of vegetable soybeansamples by the duration of the vegetation period and productivitywith the aim of forming scientifically substantiatedmaterial suitable for breeding adaptive and high-yieldingvarieties.
Research methods: field, laboratory, statistical.
Research results. It was found that the standard deviationand coefficient of variation indicators confirm the differentlevel of ecological stability of the studied genotypes. Thelines L 380-2-13 (V = 4.0 %), L 362-2-13 (V = 6.6 %) andL 364-2-13 (V = 6.8 %), as well as the Fiskeby V variety(7.9 %) were characterized by the greatest stability. Highvariability was observed in samples 20/25 (29.1%), Fora(26.9%) and L 361-1-13 (24.4%). The remaining sampleshad an average level of variability (V = 11–25%).The highest average yield was formed by samples L380-2-13, Sac, L 362-2-13 and Fora, but not all of themcombined high productivity with stability, which must betaken into account when selecting starting material forconditions with an unstable environment. Analysis of therelationship between the duration of vegetation and themass of seeds per 1 m² in vegetable soybean samples for2023–2025 showed the presence of significant genotypicdifferentiation by the nature of the correlation reaction. Thevalues of the correlation coefficient (r) varied from –0.80to 0.91. Most of the studied samples (9 out of 12) arecharacterized by a positive correlation of varying strength(r = 0.50–0.91), which indicates an increase in productivitywith an extension of the growing season. The highest values of the correlation coefficient were found in the samplesSac (r = 0.91) and Fora (r = 0.88), which indicatestheir pronounced reaction to the extension of the growingseason and the ability to form an increased seed massunder favorable conditions of the year. A similar type ofadaptability is also characteristic of the lines L 361-1-13(r = 0.75), L 380-2-13 (r = 0.70) and the standard Cobra(r = 0.72). These genotypes have a high breeding valueas a source of combining productivity and ecological plasticity.
Conclusions. The established multidirectionality ofthe correlation reaction confirms the presence of significantintraspecific diversity in the nature of the relationship "vegetation duration – productivity". Genotypes with highpositive values of the correlation coefficient are promisingfor breeding to increase yield in conditions of sufficientagroclimatic resources, represent a high breeding valueas a source of combining productivity and ecological plasticity.While samples with a negative type of connectionare of interest for creating adapted early-ripening varieties,can be used in breeding for early maturity and adaptationto stressful conditions, which is especially relevant in thecontext of trends in climatic instability.
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