SPECIES COMPOSITION OF ROOT ROTS OF PEAS OF THE WINTER SOWING PERIOD IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Abstract
The purpose. To study the species composition and pathogenic properties of root rot pathogens of peas of the winter sowing period, which will allow to purposefully develop effective measures to limit their spread and development in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The study was conducted in the conditions of Cherkasy region LLC "Silicat-1" during the growing seasons of 2023-2025.
Methods: field; observation; laboratory, statistical – to assess the reliability of the data.
Results. In our studies, fungi of the genus Fusarium were most often isolated from the affected root system of pea plants: in the germination phase, their share was 68.2%, and during flowering – 51.9%. The second most common were representatives of the genus Rhizoctonia – 19.3% and 18.2%, respectively, which were usually found together with Fusarium. Quite often, several species of fungi of different genera were isolated from one affected root system at the same time. In smaller quantities, fungi of the genera Gliocladium (6.0 and 6.1%), Pythium (5.5 and 5.3%) and Rhizopus (3.1% and 4.2%) were identified. Fungi of the genus Trichoderma, despite the fact that they belong to the antagonists of phytopathogenic fungi, were isolated from 8.2% of plants in the germination phase and 8.5% in the flowering phase. An important role in the decomposition of fiber is played by the most active representatives of this genus – Trichoderma lignorum Tode, T. koningii Oudem, as well as certain species of Fusarium and darkly pigmented fungi that intensively colonize the soil. During the years of research, among the fungi with dark-colored mycelium from the affected pea root system, representatives of the genus Alternaria were most often isolated (8.0%).
Conclusions. It was established that root rot in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine leads to a significant metabolic disorder in the affected plants, as a result of which the yield decreases and the quality of grain and green mass of peas deteriorates. Their harmfulness depends on the meteorological conditions of crop cultivation, species composition and pathogenic properties of pathogens. The dominant fungi are Fusarium – 70.0%, the most harmful species are: F. oxysporum Schlacht – 43.2%, F. solani – 15.5%, F. gibbosum var.bullatum – 11.1%, F. javanicum – 9.5%, F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc. – 8.1%, F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc – 7.1%.
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