YIELD OF WINTER RAPE DEPENDS ON ELEMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN FOREST-STEP OF UKRAINE
Abstract
Goal – analyze the results of research on the development and improvement of elements of the technology for growing winter rapeseed in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and determine the optimal parameters of agricultural technology to ensure maximum seed productivity of the crop. Methods – field, mathematical- statistical, computational-comparative. Results. The yield level depended on the sowing dates. The maximum yield was recorded in the Tempo hybrid when sowing on 26.08, in the DK Imminent hybrid the maximum yield was observed when sowing on 02.09, and in the Arkansas hybrid the maximum yield in the experiment was observed when sowing on 20.08. According to the results of the conducted studies, it was found that the medium-early Arkansas hybrid showed the maximum seed yield when sowing on 20.08, the seed sowing rate of 540 thousand. s. plants/ha – 4.41 t/ha. The medium-ripe DK Imminent hybrid showed the maximum seed yield when sowing on 02.09 and the seed sowing rate of 540 thousand. s. plants/ha – 4.33 t/ha. The medium-late hybrid Tempo showed maximum seed yield, on average for two growing years, for sowing on 26.08 and seed sowing rates of 540 thousand. s. plants/ha – 4.43 t/ha. The minimum moisture content of 7.3% was observed in the hybrid Arkansas for sowing on 20.08 and seed sowing rates of 350 thousand. s. plants/ha. The minimum seed moisture content is observed for seed sowing rates of 350 thousand. s. plants/ha – 7.3%, the maximum moisture content for seed sowing rates of 700 thousand. s. plants/ha – 10.3%. The sowing date had no significant effect on seed moisture content. Conclusions. According to the results of the conducted research, it was found that the medium-early hybrid Arkansas showed the maximum seed yield for sowing on 20.08 – 4.41 t/ha, the medium-ripe hybrid DK Imminent showed the maximum seed yield for sowing on 02.09 and seed sowing rates of 540 thousand sq. plants/ha – 4.33 t/ha. The medium-late hybrid Tempo showed the maximum seed yield on average for two growing years for sowing on 26.08 and seed sowing rates of 540 thousand sq. plants/ha – 4.43 t/ha. Seed moisture indicators mainly depend on the plant density. The minimum moisture (7.3%) was observed in the Arkansas hybrid for sowing on 20.08 and seed sowing rates of 350 thousand sq. plants/ha. According to other indicators of seed quality, it complies with DSTU 4966:2008 and belongs to class I. Thus, seed sowing rates, sowing date and genotype significantly affect the yield and moisture content of winter rapeseed, which allows you to regulate the physiological needs of plants and, thus, improve the cultivation technology.
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