Comparative evaluation of newly created foreign winter wheat varieties by economic value characters

Abstract

Purpose. The purpose of the research was to conduct a comparative assessment of newly created foreign varieties of winter wheat of foreign selection according to economically valuable traits in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. Methods. Field and laboratory to study the variability of economically valuable traits of winter wheat, mathematical methods for the reliability of the obtained data.
Results. For the research, new varieties of winter wheat of foreign selection were used, which differed in origin and were obtained in various breeding institutions in Europe. In the conditions of the Uman district of the Cherkasy region, the studied varieties of winter wheat were studied for the first time. This means that each winter wheat variety must have its own habitat. That is, the soil and climatic conditions that are most suitable for realizing the potential inherent in the variety's genotype. This is especially important for foreign varieties of winter wheat of foreign selection, which are transferred to completely different environmental conditions and it is necessary to study their adaptive capabilities. Newly developed varieties of winter wheat of foreign breeding institutions and establishing the possibility of their use as an effective method of intensification of grain production by increasing yield and the potential capabilities of which are inherent in the genotype of a particular variety. Selected newly developed varieties of winter wheat of foreign origin, which have high yields, are successfully combined with grain quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, and the cultivation of which allows to increase the efficiency of grain farming. Conclusions. On average, in 2024–2025, the yield of the new French winter wheat variety Linus reached 9.78 t/ha, or 23.6% higher than the indicators of the control variety Samurai (8.16 t/ha). High values of indicators Yields – 8.79 and 9.04 t/ha, respectively, were noted for new foreign winter wheat varieties from Germany Mulan and Akratos, or 0.63 and 0.88 t/ha more than the yield in the control. The weight of 1000 grains was, respectively, 46.4 and 44.2 g versus 42.3 g in the German control variety Samurai (42.3 g), i.e. the advantage in terms of 1000 grain size reached 4.1 and 1.9 g, respectively. The highest protein content was noted in the grain of the varieties Akratos – 14.2% and Linus – 14.4% versus 11.9% in standard variety Samurai. According to this characteristic, none of the studied winter wheat varieties of foreign selection was inferior to the standard Samurai. Therefore, according to the data of experiments conducted in production conditions, we can conclude about the importance of the variety in obtaining high-quality grain, which is characterized by good flour milling and baking qualities. Among foreign varieties, the new French winter wheat variety Linus successfully combines high yields with high grain quality.