Formation of seed productivity of amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) depending on sowing methods in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Abstract
Purpose. To determine the seed productivity of A. hypochondriacus depending on the sowing method under the conditions of the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. Three varieties of A. hypochondriacus (Sem, Kharkivskyi 1, Studentskyi) and four mutant lines (LMKh150, LMSt150ChR, LMSt150ChN, LMSt15) were used as the research material. Three sowing methods were studied: row sowing with 15 cm spacing and wide-row sowing with 45 and 70 cm spacing.
Winter wheat served as the preceding crop. Sowing was carried out in the first decade of May to a depth of 3–5 cm. Harvesting was performed at the stage of full seed maturity. The main productivity indicators–seed weight per plant, 1000-seed weight, and plant density–were determined in accordance with national standards.
Results. The highest panicle length and 1000-seed weight were recorded for the variety Kharkivskyi 1 (43 cm and 0.85 g, respectively), which ensured greater panicle weight and the highest yield compared with other studied genotypes. The lowest 1000-seed weight was observed in line LMSt15 (36 cm panicle length and 0.72 g, respectively).
Plants grown under wide-row sowing (45 and 70 cm) exceeded those under row sowing in panicle length by 8–11%, panicle weight by 3–10%, and seed weight per panicle by 3–10%. Accordingly, the highest seed yield was obtained under the wide-row method with 70 cm spacing. In all experimental variants, the variety Kharkivskyi 1 ensured the maximum yield (16.6–25.6 t/ha depending on the sowing method), whereas the lowest values were recorded in certain mutant lines.
Conclusions. The studied varieties and mutant lines of A. hypochondriacus demonstrated a high level of seed productivity under different sowing methods. Wide-row sowing (45–70 cm) provided advantages in most morphological and productivity traits. The highest yield, regardless of sowing method, was formed by the variety Kharkivskyi 1 (16.6–25.6 t/ha). In general, yield increased with wider row spacing, reaching its maximum at 70 cm.
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