Precursors, fertilizers, weather as factors influencing the quality of winter wheat grain

Abstract

Purpose is to determine the influence of weather conditions, precursors and types of fertilizers on the physical parameters of winter wheat grain and its protein content.
Methods. Field experiment, laboratory experiments to determine grain quality indicators (protein content, weight of 1000 grains, weight of 1 liter), statistical: processing of research results, establishing correlations and forecasting using simple regression methods using statistical packages SPSS, R and office package Excel. The object of research is the quality of winter soft wheat grain under the influence of precursors (black steam, sidereal steam and earned straw of spring barley), fertilizers (mineral – NPK, NP; organic – cattle humus and mushroom growing waste; complex preparations with a fertilizing and stimulating effect – CPFSE, which contain humic and amino acids and a complex of trace elements).
Results. According to the results of the research, it was found that the influence of the precursor in the formation of grain quality parameters is determined by the type of fertilizer: when growing winter wheat on a natural background and using mineral fertilizers, the share of the influence of the precursor in the formation of grain protein content is insignificant (0,2-6,4%); when using organic fertilizers – 50,0% and preparations of fertilizing and stimulating action –25,6%; the mass of 1000 grains and the nature of the grain are determined by the precursor by 18,9-21,2% regardless of the type of fertilizer;
– the share of the influence of mineral fertilizers in the process of protein accumulation in grain in the weather conditions of the Southern Steppe was 54,4%, organic fertilizers – 24,9%, preparations of fertilizing and stimulating action – 39,5%; on the formation of physical indicators (weight of 1000 grains, nature) preparations of fertilizing and stimulating action had a greater influence of 41,2% and 31,3%, in contrast to mineral fertilizers – 37,8% and 24,9&;
– correlations between the parameters of weather conditions of spring-summer vegetation and indicators of winter wheat grain quality: in most cases, precipitation and (r=/0,82-0,99/);
– an inverse relationship of medium degree between protein content and weight of 1000 seeds on average by fertilization systems (r=-0,69), which by types of fertilizers ranged from /0,18 to 0,90/.

Conclusions. The share of the influence of the predecessor is determined by the type of fertilizer. Mineral fertilizers had a greater impact on protein synthesis in winter wheat grain (54,4%), organic fertilizers and preparations of fertilizing and stimulating action – on the weight of 1000 grains and nature (41,2% and 31,3%). The formation of grain quality parameters was maximally influenced by precipitation and temperature in May and June (r=/0,82-0,99/).
 was maximally influenced by pre¬cipitation and temperature in May and June (r=/0,82-0,99/).