SEED PRODUCTIVITY OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS DEPENDING ON THE WEED PROTECTION SYSTEM
Abstract
Purpose. To investigate the impact of herbicide protec- tion systems on the seed productivity of sunflower hybrids. Methods. The research was conducted during 2022-2024 in the fields of the FG “Plakushchenko V.V.”, located in the terri- tory of the Odessa region, Velykymykhailivskyi district, in the village of Grebenyky. Field experiment design method – split plots. Main plots (factor A) – sunflower hybrids of mid-early (P64LE25 and Barbatti) and mid-season (P64LP130 and Siberik) groups; sub-plots (factor B) – pre-emergence herbi- cide application: (control variants (without herbicide application and manual weeding), active ingredient (a.i.) S-metolachlor 960 g/l, rate 1.6 l/ha, a.i. Pendimethalin 330 g/l, rate 6.0 l/ha, a.i. Dimethenamid-P 720 g/l, rate 1.2 l/ha), Oxyfluorfen 240 g/l, rate 1.0 l/ha; sub-subplots (factor C) – application of post-emergence herbicide: (control variants (without herbicide application and manual weeding), d.r. Tribenuron-methyl 750 g/kg, rate 35 g/ha and d.r. Imazapyr 15 g/l + Imazamox 33 g/l, rate 1.1 l/ha). Results. In all the hybrids studied, a signifi- cant decrease in yield structure indicators was observed in the control variant (without the use of herbicides), while the high- est values of all structural indicators were obtained in each hybrid with manual weeding. The use of only pre-emergence herbicides contributed to a significant improvement in struc- tural indicators compared to the control. The diameter of the basket increased to 16.1–16.4 cm, the number of seeds in the basket to 528.2–552.8 pcs./plant, the weight of 1000 seeds to 52.04–55.75 g. The highest indicators among soil prepara- tions were provided by the variant with dimethenamid-P. When using only post-emergence herbicides, yield structure indica- tors also increased, but the highest indicators were provided by the combined use of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides. In the control variant (without herbicides), the average yield of the P64LE25 hybrid was 0.95 t/ha, Barbatti ‒ 0.96, P64LP130 ‒ 0.98 and Cyberik ‒ 0.88 t/ha, and the maximum yield was obtained in the variant with manual weed- ing: P64LE25 ‒ 1.93 t/ha, Barbatti ‒ 1.95, P64LP130 ‒ 2.00 and the lowest yield was obtained in the Cyberik hybrid ‒ 1.77 t/ha. Conclusions. The use of only pre-emergence herbicides increased yields, and the highest effect was observed with the use of dimethenamid-P in the P64LP130 hybrid – 1.41 t/ha, and with the use of only post-emergence herbicides ‒ 1.44 t/ha in the P64LP130 hybrid. The highest yield was obtained with the combination of dimethenamid-P and tribenuron-me- thyl in the P64LE25 hybrid ‒ 1.79 t/ha and Siberik ‒ 1.65 t/ha, and in the Barbatti hybrids ‒ 1.80 t/ha and P64LP130 ‒ 1.85 t/ha when using the combination of dimethenamid-P with imazapyr + imazamox.
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