Performance components of winter bread wheat as a constituent of adaptability
Abstract
Purpose. The study aimed to evaluate winter breadwheat breeding lines for expression of their yield components.The methods included: sampling sheaves in tworeplicates of over five hundred accessions grown in competitivevariety trials; determining the numbers of plantsand fertile spikes, plant height, fertile and harvest tilleringcoefficients, spike length, numbers of spikelets and kernelsper spike, kernel weight per spike, spike density, andthousand-kernel weight. Standardized annual values were used to generalize and systematize the multi-year data.As a result of the 2015–2022 research under diverseweather conditions, cultivars with relatively high fertile tilleringcoefficients were identified: ‘Pryvablyva’, ‘Pryvitna’,‘Prynada’, ‘Zapashna’, ‘Dyvo’, ‘Harmonika’, ‘Krasa Laniv’,‘Pronia’, ‘Mavka IR’, and ‘Mizynka’. Cultivars ‘Vasylyna’,‘Metelytsia Kharkivska’, ‘Haiok’, and ‘Mazurok’, as wellas lines ‘Erythr. 277-13-3m’, ‘Lut. 777-15’, and ‘Erythr.1294-15’ were noticeable for relatively high numbersof kernels per spike. Large kernels were observed incvs. ‘Doskonala’, ‘Pryvablyva’, ‘Pryvitna’, ‘Fermerka’,‘Zdobna’, ‘Melashka’, and ‘Maliovanka’. Correlation analysisshowed that the number of fertile stems per unit areawas the primary factor influencing yield; the influence ofthe number of kernels and kernel weight per spike wasless pronounced but still statistically significant, except in2019. Cluster analysis allowed the array of cultivars andlines to be divided into four clusters. Cluster 1 includedcvs. ‘Zapashna’, ‘Dyvo’, ‘Harmonika’, ‘Mizynka’, and‘Hazda’, as well as lines ‘Erythr. 832-14’, ‘Erythr. 497-14’,‘Erythr. 799-14’, and ‘Erythr. 1010-14’, which had highnumbers of fertile spikes per unit area and values close tothe general average for the number of kernels per spikeand thousand-kernel weight. Cluster 2 comprised cvs.‘Alians’, ‘Metelytsia Kharkivska’, ‘Vyhadka’, ‘Vasylyna’,‘Statna’, and ‘Haiok’, as well as lines ‘Erythr. 277-13-3m’,‘Lut. 777-15’, ‘Erythr. 1395-15’, and ‘Erythr. 1294-15’with high numbers of kernels per spike, but reduced fertilestem density and thousand-kernel weight. Cluster 3included cvs. ‘Prynada’, ‘Krasa Laniv’, ‘Pronia’, ‘MavkaIR’, and ‘Mazurok’, as well as line ‘Lut. 48-13-3m’ withhigh fertile stem density, decreased numbers of kernelsper spike, and low thousand-kernel weight. Cluster 4included cvs. ‘Doskonala’, ‘Doridna’, ‘Pryvablyva’,‘Pryvitna’, ‘Rozkishna’, ‘Fermerka’, ‘Zdobna’, ‘Patriotka’,‘Malovanka’, and ‘Melashka’, as well as line ‘Erythr.522-15’, which were characterized by high thousand-kernelweight, near-average fertile stem density, and lownumbers of kernels per spike. Conclusions. The obtaineddata allowed for the assessment of yield component stabilityand the identification of accessions with high performancefor further use in breeding. Based on the results,cultivars and lines with high yield potential achievedthrough different yield components were selected, facilitatingthe identification of genotypes adapted to the climaticconditions of the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
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