Peculiarities of the phenostage development of winter rapeseed plants depending on the combinatorics of the fertilization system
Abstract
The aim of the research was to study the formation features of the phenostage development of winter rapeseed hybrids of different maturity groups under combined and complex fertilization variants that included a full range of basic fertilization, systems of foliar feeding, and the application of complex growth-regulating preparations with retardant and fungicidal effects under the conditions of the Right- Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research was carried out during 2022–2025 at VIN-AGRO GROUP LLC on gray forest soils with medium fertility potential. The experiment was laid out in four replications, with systematic two-tier arrangement of variants. The study involved the following factors: A – hybrid composition; B – variant of the basic fertilization block; C – application of growth regulators; D – system of foliar feeding. Results. The study revealed the potential for corrective influence on the phenological development of winter rapeseed hybrids of different maturity groups through optimization and harmonization of ripening, based on the integrated application of macro- and micronutrients together with growth-regulating preparations. Optimization of nitrogen nutrition due to intensive stimulation of vegetative growth processes increased the duration of both individual interphase periods and the overall vegetation period by 3–5 days compared to the control. The use of growth regulators Caramba Turbo and Bukat in double application (autumn and spring) provided the optimal extension of the autumn vegetation period by 5–7 days (ensuring better overwintering conditions) and, conversely, reduced its duration in the spring-summer period by 3–5 days. This created favorable preconditions for harmonizing flowering and seed ripening within the inflorescences, which, in turn, predicted an increase in seed productivity. From the perspective of factor influence within the experiment, the primary role in shaping the phenostage development of winter rapeseed plants belonged to the variants involving growth regulators, with a factor effect value of 47.31 % according to the analysis of variance. Conclusions. As a result, under the combined influence of the basic fertilization block, growth regulators, and foliar feeding systems, the hybrids of winter rapeseed of medium-early and medium-maturity groups exhibited the longest vegetation period under the following agrotechnological scheme: Factor B2 – Diamophoska (N–10 %, P–26 %, K–26 % + 1S, 144 kg/ha pre-plowing) + Rosafert 15-15-15 (150 kg/ha at sowing); at BBCH 19–20 (on thawed soil): UAN-32 (189 L/ha) + Ammonium thiosulfate (22 L/ha)); Factor C1 – control variant (without application of growth stimulators with fungicidal effect); Factor D4 – foliar feeding system: Rosalik (B, Mo, S) (1 L/ha) + adjuvant Spray-Aid (0.08 L/ha) (BBCH 31–34)) + Rosasol 18-18-18+ME (3 kg/ha) + adjuvant Spray-Aid (0.08 L/ha) (BBCH 51–53)).
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