Yield and grain quality of new winter wheat varieties under the conditions of the Northern Steppe

Abstract

The uneven influence of various natural and agricultural factors determines differences in the yield and quality of grain of different varieties, in connection with which it is necessary to establish the conformity of the variety to regional conditions. Purpose. The goal was to investigate the limits of variability by varieties depending on the climatic conditions of the Northern Steppe subzone in terms of yield formation and grain quality. Methods. In the conditions of the scientific research field of the scientific and educational center of practical training of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, the assessment of 15 winter wheat varieties of ukrainian breeding from various scientific research institutions of Ukraine and of the world was carried out. The test plots of the experiment were placed in a regular manner with a seeding scheme in triplicate, an area of 10 m2 each. The yield, its structure, the content of protein in the grain, the content of protein components were evaluated. Results. The yield parameter depended both on the realization of the potential of the variety and on the year of cultivation. According to the results of the study, the Pozytsia Odeska, MIP Feeriya, MV Nador varieties were more suitable from the point of view of high yield. The year 2021 was more contrasting for the trait, 2022 and 2023 were sharply different from each other, but they are characterized by a lower differentiating ability for this set of varieties. In order to group by yield and classify varieties depending on the variability of weather conditions by year, a cluster analysis was carried out, which identified the varieties Pozytsia Odeska, MIP Feeriya, MV Nador, Tenor, MV Menrot according to their yield, but two of them, Tenor, MV Menrot, did not are quite stable in the manifestation of this sign. In more productive varieties, mixed formation of yield is observed. According to the grain quality analysis, MV Nador forms both high productivity and higher quality, Pozytsia Odeska high productivity and satisfactory quality. variety The MV Mente can be used as a high-quality donor. Findings The studied set of 15 varieties showed the presence of promising forms for the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. According to the combination of yield and quality parameters, it is possible to grow varieties MV Nador and Pozytsia Odeska. According to the results of the structural analysis of the features affecting productivity, it is formed according to a mixed model, when both the head of the ear and a high level of productive tillering are important. The variety MV Mente can be used as a source of high-quality grain.