FORMATION OF YIELD FOR STRAWBERRY VARIETIES IN THE NORTHERN STEPPE SUBZONE

Abstract

Strawberries have a special importance in the production of fruit and berry, they have a special preventive and curative value and are necessary for a complete human nutrition, the introduction into production requires a suitable, well-adapted to the conditions of the region varietal material. Purpose. The aim was to establish the features of yield formation of five strawberry varieties and to determine the elements of the yield structure and features of ontogenesis depending on the genetically determined varietal features, to conduct an analysis of the influence of individual elements on market productivity. Methods. Strawberry varieties Honey, Rusanivka, Asia, Alba, Clary were used for research. Held on the basis of Agrosilprom LLC of the Novomoskovsk district of the Dnipropetrovsk region in 2020-2022. Planting scheme 0.25 × 0.7 × 0.5 m. with the use of drip irrigation. Morphometric parameters, the number of generative organs, the structure of the crop was determined according to generally accepted methods. The experiment was repeated three times. The climate is temperate-continental, characterized by clearly defined aridity. Results. Differentiation by the timing of the onset of individual phases led to an increase in the number of harvestings to 13 for the varieties Asia and Clary and a decrease to 11 in the variety Alba. When comparing pairwise, already in the first year, the Asia variety reliably stood out in terms of the formation of reproductive organs, in the two-year-old berry variety, the varieties Alba and Clary were positive. The analysis of technical (commercial) indicators of strawberry berries showed superiority in weight of berries of the 1st order of varieties Asia and Clary. Berries of all varieties had a rounded shape. In terms of yield and its elements, the variability of two-year-old berry was significantly higher than that of one-year-old by genotypes. Already in the first year, the variety Asia stood out significantly, and in the second year, the varieties Asia and Clary differed positively from the others and from each other. According to the average weight of berries of all harvests for the first and second year, only the variety Asia prevailed over some varieties. The formation of the crop was strongly influenced by the parameters of morphogenesis), the average weight of the berry of the 1st order, the number of berries from the bush and the yield of standard products. Conclusions. When grown in open ground on drip irrigation, two from the five studied varieties showed a significant increase in productivity – the variety Asia, followed by the variety Clary, which exceeded other varieties, and the variety Asia showed significantly higher fruiting already in the first year of cultivation. The key parameter that had the greatest impact on the formation of productivity was the number of berries from the bush. In general, according to commodity indicators, all varieties meet the accepted standards. In the future, it is planned to investigate the same parameters during greenhouse cultivation and conduct an analysis of the nutritional quality of the products.