LEAF ASSIMILATION APPARATUS FORMATION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF TOMATO PLANTS DEPENDING ON FERTILIZERS UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION IN THE SOUTH OF UKRAINE
Abstract
Purpose. To establish the influence of different types of fertilizers on the formation of assimilating leaves area, tomato plants productivity and quality of fruits under drip irrigation in the South of Ukraine was the aim of the research. Methods. We used general scientific methods: field, laboratory, measurement and calculation, comparative, mathematical-statistical and system analysis. Results. The research showed, that at drip the regime of irrigation for pre-irrigation moisture content of 80% lowest moisture capacity and mineral fertilizers (N109P101K72) increases the area of assimilative leaves of tomato plants 'Kumach' variety by 0,85 thousand t/ha compared to the control (without fertilizers). The increase of assimilative apparatus of tomato plants was the highest in the study (1,83 thousand m2/ha) due to the presowing application of organic fertilizer «Bioproferm» (6 t/ ha), which is equal to the active substance with mineral nutrients. Photosynthetic potential at the application of organic fertilizer was 1089,55 thousand m2*day/ha, which is 113,59 thousand m2*day/ha more, than the control. Not so rapid reduction (die-off) of the leaf apparatus of plants in the phase of mass ripening of fruits when using all types of additives is noted. The application of organic fertilizer creates conditions for the formation of the highest yield of fruits – 79,5 t/ha. Application of fertilizer contributed to improving the quality of fruits: increased dry matter content, total sugar, vitamin C and reduced acidity of the juice. Conclusions. Tomato plants of ‘Kumach’ variety, which were grown under field condition by sowing seeds, formed the largest asymmetric surface area and photosynthetic potential at the stage of fruit formation. The use of mineral fertilizers and Bioproferm biofertilizer increases leaf area and photosynthetic potential of plants compared with unfertilized control. The quality of fruits when using organic preparations was higher compared to the use of mineral fertilizers.
References
2. Ruiz J. L., Salas-Sanjuan M. D. C. The use of plant growth promoting bacteria for biofertigation; effects on concentrations of nutrients in inoculated aqueous Vermicompost extract and on the yield and quality of tomatoes. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture. Published online: 05.01.2022. P. 1–17. DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2021.2010596
3. Корнієнко С. І., Гончаренко В. Ю., Ходєєва Л. П., Гладкіх Р. П., Парамонова Т. В., Куц О. В. Удобрення овочевих та баштанних культур : монографія. Вінниця : ТОВ «Нілан-ЛТД», 2015. 370 с.
4. Adekiya A. O., Agbede T. M. Growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) as influenced by poultry manure and NPK fertilizer. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 2009. Vol. 21(1). P. 10–20. DOI: 10.9755/ejfa.v21i1.5154
5. Isah A. S., Amans E. B., Odion E. C., & Yusuf A. A. Growth rate and yield of two tomato varieties (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under green manure and NPK fertilizer rate Samaru Northern Guinea Savanna. International Journal of Agronomy, 2014. 932759. DOI: 10.1155/2014/932759
6. Geisseler D., Scow K. Long-term effects of mineral fertilizers on soil microorganisms – A review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2014. Vol. 75. P. 54–63. DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.03.023
7. Погорєлова В. О., Косенко Н. П. Урожайність плодів і насіння томата за краплинного зрошення на півдні України. Таврійський науковий вісник : Науковий журнал Сільськогосподарські науки. Херсон : «Гельветика», 2018. Вип. 104. С. 86–92.
8. Basheer M., Agrawal1 O. P. Effect of Vermicompost on the growth and productivity of tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) under field conditions. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research. 2013. Vol. 4(3). P. 247–249.
9. Moyin-Jesu E. I. Use of different organic fertilizers on soil fertility improvement, growth and head yield parameters of cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L.). International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 2015. Vol. 4. P. 291–298. DOI: 10.1007/ s40093-015-0108-0
10. Osae B. A., Bayor H. Effect of poultry manure and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (15:15:15) soil amendment on growth and yield of carrot (Daucus carota L.). International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2017. Vol. 11(2). P. 81–86.
11. Olaniyi J. O., Ogunbiyi E. M., Alagbe D. D. Effects of organo-mineral fertilizers on growth, yield and mineral nutrients uptake in cucumber. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2009. Vol. 5(1). P. 437–442.
12. Adekola O. F., Maduabuchi I. Ch. Studies on performance of ‘Nsukka aromatic yellow pepper’ (Capsicum annum L.) under varying population and organomineral fertilizer regimes. Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2020. Vol. 2(2). P. 38–48. DOI: 10.21608/sjas.2020.34557.1031
13. Quilliam R. S., Glanville H. C., Wade S. C., & Jones D. L. Life in the ‘charosphere’ – does biochar in agricultural soil provide a significant habitat for microorganisms? Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2013. Vol. 65. P. 287–293. DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.06.004
14. Bouhia Y., Hafidi M., Ouhdouch Y., Boukhari M. E., Mphatso C., Zeroual, Y., & Lyamlouli K. Conversion of waste into organo-mineral fertilizers: current technological trends and prospects. Reviews in Environmental Science and BioTechnology, 2022. Vol. 21. P. 425–446. DOI: 10.1007/s11157-022-09619-y
15. Diacono M., Montemurro F. Long-term effects of organic amendments on soil fertility. A review. Agronomy Sustainable Development, 2010. Vol. 30. P. 401–422. DOI: 10.1051/agro/2009040
16. Христенко А. О. Теоретичні проблеми методології балансового оцінювання кругообігу макроелементів живлення в системі «добриво-ґрунт-рослина». Агрохімія i ґрунтознавство, 2020. Вип. 90. С. 47–56. DOI: 10.31073/acss90-05
17. Стасик О. О., Кірізій Д. А., Прядкина Г. О. Фотосинтез і продуктивність: основні наукові досягнення і інноваційні розробки. Фізіологія рослин і генетика, 2021. Т. 53. № 2. С. 160–184.
18. Дзендзель А. Ю. Марцінишин Ю. Д., Пида С. В. Ефективність використання органо-мінеральних добрив при вирощуванні помідора їстівного (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Наукові записки Тернопільського національного педагогічного університету імені В. Гнатюка. Серія Біологія, 2020. 80(3-4). С. 115–126. DOI:10.25128/2078-2357.20.3-4.15
19. Дейниченко Г. В., Юдічева О. П. Використання традицій біофортифікації для регулювання хімічного складу томатних овочів. Харчова наука і технологія. 2012. № 2 (19). С. 42–45.
20. Kapoulas N., Zoran S. I., Durovka M., Trajković R., & Milenković L. Effect of organic and conventional production practices on nutritional value and antioxidant activity of tomatoes. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2011. Vol. 10(71). P. 15938–15945. DOI: 10.5897/ AJB11.904
