Насіннєва продуктивність люцерни першого року життя залежно від застосування гербіцидів
Ключові слова:
досходові гербіциди, післясходові гербіциди, насіння, люцерна, бур’яни, зрошення, природнє зволоження
Анотація
Мета роботи. Дослідити вплив досходових, післясходових гербіцидів та їх поєднання на ступінь засміченості насінницьких посівів люцерни першого року та врожайність насіння. Завдання і методи досліджень. Дослідження проводили протягом 2018-2020 рр. на дослідному полі Інституту зрошуваного землеробства НААН. Фактор А – умови зволоження (без зрошення і зрошення); фактор В – застосування досходового гербіциду (Контроль (без внесення гербіциду), діюча речовина (д.р.) S-метолахлор 960 г/л, д.р. Пендиметалін 330 г/л, д.р. Диметенамід-П 720 г/л); фактор С – застосування післясходового гербіциду (Контроль (без внесення гербіциду), Контроль (ручна прополка), д.р. Імазамокс 40 г/л, д.р. Бентазон 480 г/л, д.р. Бентазон 480 г/л + Імазамокс 22,4 г/л, д.р. Імазапір 15 г/л + Імазамокс 33 г/л). Результати досліджень. Застосування досходових гербіцидів знижувало забур’яненість посівів люцерни порівняно з контролем. Найефективнішим був досходовий гербіцид с д.р. Диметенамід-П 720 г/л. Але застосування досходових гербіцидів не сприяло в подальшому повній чистоті посівів люцерни, тому необхідно було застосовувати післясходові гербіциди. Найбільш ефективним був гербіцид з діючими речовинами Імазапір 15 г/л + Імазамокс 33 г/л. Але найбільшу врожайність насіння люцерни, за обох умов зволоження, було отримано на варіанті при застосуванні досходового гербіциду с д.р. Диметенамід-П 720 г/л, нормою 1,2 л/га та післясходового д.р. Імазамокс 40 г/л, нормою 1,2 л/га. При зрошенні насіннєва продуктивність на цьому варіанті становила 195,06 кг/га, в умовах природного зволоження врожайність насіння становила 107,58 кг/га. Висновки. Застосування досходових гербіцидів знижувало забур’яненість посівів на ранній стадії розвитку рослин. Але в подальшому для утримання посівів люцерни в чистоті від бур’янів необхідно було застосовувати післясходові гербіциди. Найбільшу врожайність насіння люцерни, за обох умов зволоження, було отримано на варіанті при застосуванні досходового гербіциду с д.р. Диметенамід-П 720 г/л, нормою 1,2 л/га та післясходового д.р. Імазамокс 40 г/л, нормою 1,2 л/га.
Посилання
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12. Darren E. Robinson, Kristen McNaughton, and Nader Soltani. Weed Management in Transplanted Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) with Pretransplant Tank Mixes of Sulfentrazone, S-metolachlor, and Dimethenamid-p. HORTSCIENCE. 2008. Vol. 43, Issue 5. P. 1492–1494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.43.5.1492
13. Dillehay B., Curran W. and Mortensen D. Critical period for weed control in alfalfa. Weed Science. 2011. Vol. 59, Issue 1. P. 68–75. DOI:10.1614/WS-D-10-00073.1
14. El-Awadi M.E. and Esmat A. Hassan. Improving Growth and Productivity of Fennel Plant Exposed to Pendimethalin Herbicide: Stress–Recovery Treatments. Nature and Science. 2011. Vol. 9, Issue. 2. P. 97–108. http://www.sciencepub.net/nature; ISSN: 1545-0740
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18. Gesimba R.M., Langat M.C. A review on weeds and weed control in oil crops with special reference to soybeans (Glycine max L.) in Kenya. Agric. Trop. Subtrop. 2005. Vol. 38, Issue 2. P. 61–65.
19. Gianessi L., Sankula S. The Value of Herbicides in U.S. Crop Production. Archeamatica 2003. Vol. 4. P. 46–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1614/WT-06-130.1
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21. Idziak R. and Zenon W. Efficacy of Reduced Rates of Soil-Applied Dimethenamid-P and Pendimethalin Mixture Followed by Postemergence Herbicides in Maize. Agriculture. 2020. Vol. 10, Issue 163. P. 2–11. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture10050163
22. Jabran K., Cheema Z.A., Farooq M. and Hussain M. Lower doses of pendimethalin mixed with allelopathic crop water extracts for weed management in canola (Brassica napus). Int. J. Agric. Biol. 2010. Vol. 12. P. 335–340. ISSN Print: 1560–8530; ISSN Online: 1814–959608–144/AWB/2010/12–3–335–340 http://www.fspublishers.org
23. Jugulam M., Shyam C. Non-target-site resistance to herbicides: Recent developments. Plants. 2019. Vol. 8. P. 417. DOI: 10.3390/plants8100417
24. Kanatas P. et al. Yield, quality and weed control in soybean crop as affected by several cultural and weed management practices. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 2020. Vol. 48, Issue 1. P. 329–341. DOI: 10.15835/nbha48111823
25. Kudsk P., Kristensen J. Effect of environmental factors on herbicide performance. In Proceedings of the First International Weed Control Congress, Melbourne, Australia, 17–21 February 1992. Weed Science Society of Victoria: Victoria, Australia. 1992. P. 173–186. ISBN 0-9599210-4-4
26. Lebaron H.M. et al. Metolachlor. In: Kearney P.C., Kaufman D.D. (Ed.). Herbicides: chemistry, degradation, and mode of action. Vol. 3. NewYork: Dekker, 1988. P. 335–373. https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.3620291018
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